Calcttlatob



March 4 1924.`

J. s. cRAlN CALCULATOR Filed sept. 12

1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,gli

INVENTOR. Cram AT ORNEYS.

J. S. CRAIN March 4, 1924.`

CALCULATOR 'Filed sept. 12, 1922 eZ 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 JN VEN TOR.

A T l RNEYS.

Patented Mn. 4, 1924.

UNITED STATESK PATENT QFFICE.

.runs s. cnam, or m. nso, rms.

uncommon. I

Application led September 12, 1982. Serial lb: 587,775.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES S. GRAIN, a citizen of the United States,residin at- El Paso, in the county'of El Paso and tate of Texas, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Calculators, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in calculators, and the generalobject of the invention is to provide a simple, convenient and readilyunderstood type of calculator by means of which instantaneous results inthe solvin of certain problems may be Secured, witout the necessity oflengthy and involved fi uring.

Specifica ly stated, the objectA of the invention is to provide a readycalculator for the use of merchants or others whereby mayl be accuratelyand instantly calculated, first, the amount at which articles bought ata certain price per dozen should be sold in order to realize a `certainpercentage of profit based on the selling price; second, the cost perarticle'of any certain number of articles bought at a certain price perdozen, enabling the unit cost price to be obtained for inventory orother pur oses; and, third, an arrangement whereby, or convenience inmarking goods; the cost and selling prices may be obtained as Well asprofit percentage,

all in a readily apparent manner.

The invention consists of the features of construction, combination andarrangement o'f parts, hereinafter fully described and claimed,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Fi ure 1 is aside elevation of a form of calcuator embodying my invention. l

Figure 2 is a view of one of the indicat-l in blades or rules.

igure 3 is a vertical section through one end of the calculator.

Figure 4 is an end elevation of the calculator.

Fi ure 5 is a view of the indicating blade or ru e illustrated in Figure2, showing more fully the indicia thereon.

Figure 6 is a plan view of the indicator sheet bearing the calculatingtables outspread.

Figure 7 is a view of the other indicating blade or rule.

In the form of my invention herein disclosed, I provide a supportingframe comprising upright end pieces 1 connected by one or more base orbottom pieces 2 and also by longitudinal side pieces 3 and 4, which sidepleces 3 and 4 serve also as fixed indicating members, as hereinafterdescribed. Supported by the frame is a rotary drum or cy inder 5provided at each end with a journal 6 terminating in an actuating knobor 'handle 7. The journals 6 pass through and turn in openings 8 in theend pieces 1 whereby the drum or cylinder 5 is mounted to revolve.

On the periphery of the drum or cylinder are two charts or tables 9 and10, the chart or table 9 bein continuous, while the chart or table 10is, or convenience, divided into two sections 11 and 12, to adapt theindicia thereon to be roperly disposed and arranged within t e describeds ace allowed. The chart or table 9 is mova le by rotating the drum orcylinder with relation to the cooperating fixed indicator 3, while thechart or table 10 is movable by rotatingthe drum or cylinder forcooperation with the fixed indicator 4.

The indicating member 3 is in the form of a rule or blade bearingthereon a transverse Space 13 containing the heading No of units, andalso bearlng thereon a longitudinal space 14 sub-divided by transverselines into column heading spaces bearing certain numerals, as shown,representing prices per dozen in various amounts from 1.5 to $5.00. Therule also preferably bears certain directions, hereinafter referred to,in explanation of how it should be used, as an example, in connectionwith the table or chart 9 for making calculations.

The table or chart 9 extends approximately along and around one half thecircumference ofthe drum or cylinder 5 and is (provided with ruled linesforming longitu inal and transverse (circumferential) columns. At oneend of the chart is a trans# verse column 15 bearing the numerals from 1to 23, inclusive, representing units, and these units are arranged inparallel relation to and alined with other columns 16 arranged bothlongitudinally and circumferential y to cooperate respectively with thefixed indicator 3 and the numerals of column 15. The said columns` 16contain numerals, expressed in whole numbers and decimally or otherwise,replresenting units cost figures, based u on t e cost price per dozen,ex- Pledv y the figures 1n the head columns 11i, ci articles the numberof which are expressed b the numerals in the column 15. .si rst let-hand transverse column, for example, cooperates with the first headspace containing the figure .15 of indicator 3 and contains figures,arranged 1n the spaces thereof opposite the numerals in column 15,expressing the cost price, at the rate 15 a dozen, of any certain numberof art1cles expressed by a numeral in the column 15 lyinc opposite theadjacent numeral 1n the said rst column 16. Thus, for example, the costprice of four articles or umts, as expressed by numeral 4 in column 15,at the rate of 15e per dozen is given bythe figure .05, lying oppositethe numeral 4 in the first column 16.

The fixed and movable indicators 3 and 9 are rovided to enable amerchant to in stent y calculate the value of any certain number ofunits or articles bought at the rate of a certain sum. r dozen. On theface of the indicating gleade 3 appears explanatory directionsindicating the mode of use or the indicators for such purpose. Accordingto this, it will be seen that if it should be desired to ascertain thevalue of seventeen articles which cost $2.25 per dozen, the cylinder isturned until the numeral 17 in column 9 is brought into registry with anedge of the blade 3 opposite column 13, and t en by reference to thefigure in the sub-'division of that column 16 registering with $2.25 ofscale ift, and whichalines transversely with column numeral 17, it willbe found that the correct value of the seventeen units or articles isexpressed by the figures 3.18%, or $3.19. In thismanner the value of anycertain number of articles costing at the rate of so much )erdozen, asexpressed by the figures in the column 14: oi' indicator 3, may beinstantly and accurately determined, and, of course, it will beunderstood that the cost per dozen figures and the gures on the chart 9may be calculated to express the value of any number of articles at anyrange of cost per dozen prices which may be suited to any particuf larkind of business.

The chart 10 occupies the other half of the circumference of the drum orcylinder and the chart section 12 constitutes a continuation orprolongation of the chart section 11, the chart 10 being thus arrangedin sections in order that the available space 'may be utilized to thebest. advantage, so that a drum or cylinder of excessive size will notbe required. The chart sections 11 and 12 are sub-divided by verticaland transverse lines into longitudinal and transverse columns andspaces. In the spaces at the top of the chart section 11 are numerals,decimally expressed, to represent cost prices per dozen, the range bein'from .10 to .65, While 1n the spacges across t e top of chart section 12are similar figures carrying the cost per dozen price range from .70 to$3.25. Be ow the numerals in the chart sections 10 appear decimallyexpressed rows of numerals which fall in columns under the head spacescontaining the price per dozen figures, and which also are arranged intransverse alinementso as to form transverse columns.

The fixed scale or indicator 4, like the indicator 3, comprises a bladeor rule, and this blade or rule is adapted for cooperation with thechart sections 11 and 12. The face of the blade 4 is provided with twoscales for cooperation respectively with the chart sections 11 and 12.The scales are alike in character, each containing numerals in multiplesof five from 5- to 50, which are arranged to aline with transverse rowsof decimally expressed numerals in the chart sec tion -opposite whichthe scale appears.

Above each scale appears a head space containing the words Cost per doz.which registers with the transverse row of cost per dozen numerals inthe opposite chart section, and between said head space and the scale isan indicating heading for the scale consisting of the words Cost perunit. The head row of transverse numerals of the chart sections reresent, as stated, cost per dozen gures, an zontal and transverse rowsof the chart sections represent sums at which units or articles, costingso much per dozen, should be sold in order to realize certainpercentages of profit expressed by the numerals on the fixed indicatorscale. The indicator 4 bears directions explanatory of the mode of useof this partl of thedevice. Thus supposing Van article costing $3.50 perdozen is to be sold at arofit of 25%. To calculate the price at w ichthe article is to be sold, the cylinder is turned until the proper costper dozen figure in the head column of chart section 11 or chart section12, chart section 11 in the present instance, registers with the properpercentage numeral on the indicator 4, from which it will be seen thatthe amount at which the article should be sold is expressed by thefigures .0389, In this example the numeral 35 is advanced a decimalpoint and mentally read at $3.50, and the resultant .0389 will beadvanced similarly a decimal point so as to read .389, or 39. While thecost per dozen numerals are, for convenience, expressed in a certainway, it is to be understood that these numerals, and similarly thenumerals giving the results in the underlying columns, may be decimallyshifted one or more points forwardly or backwardly so as to varyl theircalculating ratio accordingly, which may be very conveniently carriedout by the operator, allowing the range of calculation to be extended toa large degree without using long tables. 'In the manner described thethe numerals in the horii' merchant may easil and quickly figure theexact amount at w ich any article, costing so much per dozen, should besoldl in order to realize a certain percentage of rofit.

One of the percentage scales of t e indicator 4 is shown as rovided withindicatin characters, in the orm of the alphabetica letters from A to Jinclusive, arranged opite the. percentage lnumerals therein. ese lettersma be used as code marks for marking pro t percentages on the pricetickets attached to the articles to be sold,

so that the merchant or his assistant can'y determine at a glance theamount of profit which will be realized from the sale over the saleprice given thereon. These code letters may be used with the resultantcalculating. fi ure of the proper chart section to enab e the merchantto mark his price tickets so that they will ive aty a glance first theselli price of t e article and then confidential y the cost price perdozen of the article and the marked percentage of the profit. Thus, forinstance,

if the merchant wishes to sell shirts costingv $8.50 per dozen at aprofit of he can determine by reference tothe scale under .85 that theunit selli price is given at .1287, indicating that t e shirts should besold at the rate of $1.28 each. B placing this 'sale or retail price onthe sa es ticket, followed by the figure .85 and code letter B, themerchant can read at a glance the facts as stated, that the shirts costhim $8.50 per dozen and that in selling them at $.28 each, heisrealizing a figured profit o 45%.

From the foregoin description, taken in connection with the rawings,.the construe-g tion and mode of use of m 1m roved calculator will bereadily understo and it will be seen that the invention provides adevice of, this character of great convenience and value to merchants inenabling a merchant to instantly determine, for lnvento'ry or otherpurposes, the value of any certain articles of a kind at a cost priceper dozen, and. also to enable 'him to determine the prices at lwhich heshould sell articles costing so much per dozen in order to realize acertain percentage of profit, enabling goods to be quickly marked,calculations made for reductions at any time when desired or required,and an inventory made without referring to old bills or accountstransversely disposed co versely dis units reference column and memberhaving a trans-V amount a longitudinally disposed column of figuressubdivided into transverse columns containing the various figures, and amovable indicating memberbearing a chart havi a umn of figuresnorcooperation with the units designating )column of the fixed indicatorand havin columns of figures subdivided into longitudinal andtransverserowsin registering alinement respectively with the` figures in the unitscolumn of said movable indicating member and with the figures in thesubdivisions of the longitudinal column of the fixed indicating member.y

2. A calculator comprising a frame, a fixed indicating member at oneside of the frame having a transversely disposed units designatingcolumn and a lon 'tudinally disposed column of figures subdivided intotransverse s aces separatingsaid figures from each ot er, a fixedindicating member at the opposite side of the frame having separatecolumns of similar character provided with transversely disposed figurestherein, and al movable indicating member having a main chart forcooperation with the first-named fixed indicator and provided with atransverse column bearing units desi ations andl columns offiguressubdivi ed into longitudinal and transverse rows for cooperaton with theunits soA l l figures and the figures 4in the subdivided co umn of said'first-vnamed'fixedl Scale, and a pair of transversely disposed chartsfor cooperation with the respective columns of the sec.-

`,ond-named fixed indicator, said charts having transversely arrangedhead spaces contalning figures of pro ively lncreasin values and columnso figures subdivid VNinto lo 'tudinal and transverse rows forcooperation with said gures in the head columns and with the res of therespective-scales on the moon -named fixed indicator.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JAMES S. GRAIN.

